Agar was first introduced into the laboratory in 1881. Since then, microbiologists have depended on agar to create strong jellies. When microorganisms are streaked or plated onto this jellied surface and incubated, individual cells multiply into distinct colonies that scientists can easily observe, select, and propagate for further experiments. Many of the most important findings in biological research of the last 150 years or so — including the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool — have been enabled by agar.4 Agarose, a derivative of agar, is also essential in molecular biology techniques like gel electrophoresis, where its porous gel matrix separates DNA fragments by size, enabling researchers to analyze and isolate specific genetic sequences.
无人居住的空屋，墙上写着“人间烟火，生活如沸”。我刚走进，就被右侧树下突然窜出狂吠的大黑狗追着跑（图：南方人物周刊记者 刘璐明）
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Nature, Published online: 25 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-025-10095-x
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